Divendres, 03 de maig del 2024

Acció Climàtica engega sis punts de mesurament de la contaminació atmosfèrica per partícules en suspensió

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El Departament d’Acció Climàtica, Alimentació i Agenda Rural ha posat en marxa aquestes darreres setmanes sis nous equips de mesurament automàtic de partícules PM10 i PM2,5 en diversos punts de la Xarxa de Vigilància i Previsió de la Contaminació Atmosfèrica (XVPCA). En concret, un de PM2,5 a la ciutat de Barcelona (Palau Reial), i cinc de PM10 i PM2,5, situats a Igualada, Mollet del Vallès, Sant Andreu de la Barca, Gandesa i Perafort. D’aquesta manera, ja són 41 els punts de mesurament automàtic de PM10 que hi ha repartits per tot Catalunya i vuit de PM2,5, inclòs el primer que se situa a la ciutat de Barcelona. Les dades obtingudes es poden consultar en temps real a través del web “Vols saber què respires?“, de l’aplicació mòbil Aire.Cat i del portal de dades obertes.

 

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Val a dir que la Generalitat vigila des de fa anys aquests contaminants de forma manual, que és el mètode de referència que estableix la legislació europea. La connexió automàtica, però, contribuirà a complementar aquesta vigilància  i a disposar de manera més àgil d’informació sobre els nivells de partícules en l’aire.

 

Composició diversa

 

El material particulat suspès en l’aire és una barreja complexa de partícules sòlides i líquides formada per un conjunt de molècules de la mateixa substància o de diferents. Es classifiquen, segons el seu diàmetre, en PM10 (diàmetres inferiors a 10 micres), PM2,5 (inferiors a 2,5 micres) i PM1 (inferiors a 1 micra). Aquestes partícules provenen de fonts naturals i antropogèniques. Entre les fonts emissores vinculades a l’activitat humana destaquen el trànsit, les calefaccions, les indústries, la construcció, les pedreres o la foneria.

 

Cal tenir present que les partícules es poden emetre directament per una font o bé es poden generar a l’atmosfera com a resultat de la reacció de contaminants ja presents a l’atmosfera. La Generalitat ha dut a terme al llarg dels anys diferents estudis amb col·laboració amb l’IDAEA-CSIC per ampliar el coneixement de la composició d’aquestes partícules. Un coneixement que permetrà als diferents ens implicats en la millora de la qualitat de l’aire dur a terme polítiques més eficients en aquesta matèria.

 

Xarxa en contínua adaptació

 

A Catalunya, en general, les diferents fraccions de material particulat (PM10 i PM2,5) han disminuït de manera evident des del 2008, fet que es pot atribuir a tres factors: la crisi econòmica, unes condicions meteorològiques més favorables i l’aplicació de mesures per reduir les emissions antropogèniques.

 

La xarxa de mesuraments que serveix per realitzar l’avaluació de la qualitat de l’aire a Catalunya la, XVPCA, s’adapta tant als canvis del territori com als canvis de normativa, per optimitzar els recursos i per millorar la qualitat d’aquesta avaluació. Actualment disposa de 117 punts de mesurament de diferents contaminants, repartits per 75 municipis.

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