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Evolució negativa de la pagesia i del sector agrari la darrera dècada a Barcelona

Imatge d'un treballador tirant un cistell de raïm al remolc d'un tractor el 20 d'agost de 2019. (Horitzontal)
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L’Estat ha fet públic el Cens Agrari del 2020 el qual posa de manifest, en primer lloc, el progressiu envelliment de la pagesia. A Catalunya, quasi el 41% dels caps de les explotacions (la persona física responsable de les activitats financeres i de producció, corrents i quotidianes) tenen 65 o més anys. A la demarcació de Barcelona, el 36,26%: són 3.035 persones grans, mentre que 403 persones, que suposen menys del 5% de la població barcelonina tenien menys de 35 anys.

 

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El nombre d’explotacions ha disminuït a Barcelona un 16,54%, han passat de 10.028 el 2009 a 8.369 el 2020; mentre que a Catalunya la disminució ha estat del 9,64%, passant de 60.839 a 54.972. Pel que fa la terra, la superfície agrària utilitzada (SAU) censada el 2020 a Barcelona va ser de 188.186 hectàrees (ha), mentre que la del 2009 va ser de 189.022 ha, una disminució del 0,44%. Es tracta de la superfície de terra usada per a l’agricultura, inclosa la terra conreable, les pastures permanents, els conreus permanents i altres terres agràries usades, i no s’ha de confondre amb la superfície total censada, la qual té en compte superfícies agràries no usades com la forestal, construccions, terres estèrils, etcètera.

 

Si tenim en compte l’evolució, per una banda, de les pastures permanents, aquestes van passar de 45.592 ha a 45.553 ha (disminució del 0,09%) o, per una altra banda, l’evolució del conjunt de la terra conreable, els conreus permanents i les altres terres agràries usades, aquestes van passar de 143.430 ha a 142.633 ha (disminució del 0,56%).

 

A Catalunya, la SAU censada va ser de 1.092.215 ha, mentre que la del 2009 va ser de 1.147.532 ha, una disminució del 4,82%. També és una dada diferent si tenim en compte l’evolució de les pastures permanents que van passar de 355.107 ha a 291.383 ha (disminució del 17,95%) o si tenim en compte l’evolució del conjunt de la terra conreable, els conreus permanents i les altres terres agràries usades, aquestes van passar de 792.425 ha a 800.832 ha (increment de l’1,06%).

 

La davallada de les pastures permanents entre 2009 i 2020 té molt a veure amb la modificació de l’aplicació dels ajuts directes de la Política Agrària Comuna (PAC), que es va posar en marxa a l’Estat espanyol el 2015. En canviar els drets de pagament únic als del pagament bàsic es va autoritzar a despendre’s d’una part dels drets i concentrar el valor econòmic en els restants, així bona part del frau tolerat en les antigues primes d’extensificació en boví desapareix, i amb menys hectàrees i, fins i tot, sense cap hectàrea de pastura permanent continuaven percebent un import similar. Cosa que explica la davallada de les fictícies pastures permanents declarades el 2009 respecte al 2020, quan incrementa en més del doble la superfície d’altres terres, la que té en compte superfícies agràries no usades.

 

Com ha denunciat reiteradament Unió de Pagesos, l’Administració, catalana i estatal, han permès que propietaris o usufructuaris que ni tants sols són agricultors percebin ajuts directes de la PAC, cosa que és un doble frau a la normativa de la UE i a la fiscal, ja des dels seus inicis el 1992. La dada clarament negativa de l’elevat grau d’envelliment n’és tributària, per això cal concloure que les polítiques agràries en aquest país han de fer un salt substancial en aspectes bàsics si volem que el relleu generacional guanyi pes en el futur i es vegi reflectit a les estadístiques. Fa prop de tres mesos que el sindicat va iniciar la campanya de mobilitzacions #LaPagesiaDiuProu, justament per reclamar polítiques decidides per al sector i la pagesia.

 

Joan Caball i Subirana, coordinador nacional d’Unió de Pagesos

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Amb el suport de:

Fem periodisme dirigint la mirada a allò què passa més enllà de les ciutats. Escrivim per descobrir la riquesa de les nostres comarques, de les persones que hi viuen i la diversitat de les seves iniciatives. Parlem de la terra per situar el sector primari al lloc que es mereix, però també abracem el nostre patrimoni cultural, històric i natural. En definitiva, mirem al territori per entendre tot un país.

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